Question

Explain the bond formation in sodium chloride.

Answer 1

Firstly in the question we need to get the explanation of what is $NaCl$ its structure and other basic properties. It is solid and ionic in nature which is formed by the elements of sodium and chlorine. Now we can observe by the configuration of the elements that sodium needs to lose whereas chlorine needs to gain an electron in order to gain a much stable state. So by sharing that electron they form bonds and achieve it.

Complete step by step answer:
Now to explain the Bond formation in Sodium Chloride we have to explain a few things:
$NaCl$ is an ionic compound. It is formed by the formation of the ionic bond between the sodium and chlorine elements. Now they both unite by the process of the electron exchange to form the ionic solid and gain stability.
The first element included is : Sodium
Its chemical symbol is $Na$ .
It is a metal.
It is a highly reactive element found in solid state
Its electronic configuration is : $1{S^2}2{S^2}2{P^6}3{S^1}$
The second element included is : Chlorine
Its chemical symbol is $Cl$ .
It is non-metal.
It is a highly reactive element found in gaseous state
Its electronic configuration is : $1{S^2}2{S^2}2{P^6}3{S^2}3{P^5}$
From the given configuration we can see that sodium is one electron more in filling its octet whereas chlorine just needs one electron to gain a complete octet and thereby retaining full stability. So, sodium transfers its excess electron to the chlorine and gains stability and similar case of the chlorine. Thereby they share an electron and form an ionic bond. Thus an ionic bond is formed due to the transfer of electrons. Chloride being a mole electronegative atom than sodium tends to attract the shared electron pair towards itself.
$NaCl$ have $N{a^ + }$ as cation whereas $C{l^ - }$ as anion.

Note:
Ionic bonds can be formed by sharing of many electrons also. In the case of strength of the ionic bond the main factor that plays a role is the difference of electronegativity in the elements. That’s why the bond sharing one electron can form a better bond than the ones sharing three.