Question

Explain how does:-
(A) A primary succession starts on bare rock and reaches a climax community?
(B) The algal blooms eventually choke the water body in an industrial area?

Answer 1

Biological Succession is a series of events that occur on the barren surface that starts with the pioneer community and reaches the climax community which is a stable community. An algal bloom is the excessive growth of algae in a water body, which destroys the water quality and aquatic life.

Complete answer:
(A). Biological succession is of two types such as primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs on unweathered or new form rock-like deposited lava or new island. Lichen is the symbiotic relation of fungi and algae, which support each other on different environmental stresses, and lichen is the first biological community that develops on the weathered rock or land surface. The pioneer lichen develop is usually crustose lichens, for example:- graphis, rhizocarpous, these are desiccation-tolerant, heat and excessive cooling tolerant and help in the weathering of rock. After this stage, the next stage is the moss stage, which facilitates the weathering process and helps to establish the next stage called the annual grass stage, the plant of this stage penetrates cracks and fissures and breaks the large rock into smaller ones. After this perennial grass stage occurs which lives more than a year and continues this process until the next stage is not able to come which is the shrub stage that replaces the perineal plants. Then finally along with the shrubs stage, the climax stage is occurring which possesses long woody plants and trees which is the stable stage of the community.
(B). The algal bloom eventually chokes the water body in an industrial area due to the absence of treatment plants in the industries. Majorly fertilizer industries are responsible for the algal bloom because they discharge untreated waste material into the nearby water body. The untreated water material is majorly composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer which enhance the growth of the plant, and that waste is dumped into the water body which promotes the growth of algal over the surface of the water which inhibits the entering of light in the water, slowly the dissolved oxygen water is vanished out which start destroying the aquatic life of water body and other microbial activity which leads to the death of the water body and their aquatic life.

Note: The succession is of two types: primary and secondary succession, Primary succession occurs on unweathered or new form rock-like deposited lava or new island form while secondary succession occurs on that area which became secondary due to destruction of the previous community. An algal bloom is part of the process called eutrophication, which is of two types that are named as natural and anthropogenic.