Question

Explain coordinate covalent bond with an example.

Answer 1

A chemical bond is a long-term attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that allows chemical compounds to form. Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions, whereas covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons. Chemical bonds come in a variety of strengths; there are "strong bonds" or "primary bonds" like covalent, ionic, and metallic connections, as well as "weak bonds" or "secondary bonds" like dipole–dipole interactions, the London dispersion force, and hydrogen bonding.

Complete answer:
A coordinate covalent bond, also known as a dative bond, dipolar bond, or coordinate bond, is a two-center, two-electron covalent connection in which both electrons originate from the same atom. This type of interaction is involved in the bonding of metal ions to ligands. Lewis' hypothesis is based on this sort of interaction. Coordinate covalent bonding is a common occurrence. The bonding between water and the metal cation is defined as a coordinate covalent bond in all metal aquo-complexes ${[M{({H_2}O)_n}]^m}^ +$ . Most organometallic and coordination compounds have metal-ligand interactions that are characterised in the same way.
${R_3}N\; \to {\text{ }}O$
In organic chemistry, the phrase dipolar bond refers to compounds like amine oxides, whose electrical structure may be characterised by the basic amine giving two electrons to an oxygen atom.
Both electrons in the link originate from the amine moiety, as indicated by the arrow. Each atom provides one electron to a typical covalent connection. As a result, another explanation is that the amine donates one electron to the oxygen atom, which is then used to create a normal covalent connection with the remaining unpaired electron on the nitrogen atom.
The interaction between a molecule of ammonia, a Lewis base with a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, and boron trifluoride, a Lewis acid due to the boron atom's incomplete octet of electrons, is an example of a dative covalent connection. The boron atom takes on an octet configuration when it forms the adduct.

Note:
A coordination complex's electronic structure may be characterised as a collection of ligands that each donate a pair of electrons to a metal centre. Each ammonia ligand, for example, gives its lone pair of electrons to the cobalt(III) ion in hexamminecobalt(III) chloride. The bonds established in this situation are referred to as coordinate bonds.