Question

Excessive release of$C{{O}_{2}}\text{ }$ into the atmosphere results in:
A) Polar vortex
B) Depletion of the ozone
C) Formation of smog
D) Global warming

Answer 1

We required carbon dioxide for the importance of climate change. Earth has a protective layer around it. The layer maintains the climate which is suitable for the living being to survive. Earth's atmosphere is composed of many gases like $C{{O}_{2}}\text{ }$ oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour, etc. The increased level of the gases in the atmosphere has a significant effect on life. One of the negative impacts of the excessive $C{{O}_{2}}\text{ }$ level is a rise in the temperature of the earth.

Complete step by step answer:
-Sun radiated the ultraviolet radiation and this energy is received by the earth and again radiated or reflected in space. This is needed to maintain the constant temperature on the earth, which creates suitable conditions for the survival of living organisms. The net heat received from the sun is balanced with the outgoing or the radiated energy.
-Since the sun is hot mass, it radiates ultraviolet radiation and visible wavelengths. Compared to the sun, the earth is a cool body thus heat is emitted as infrared radiation which has longer wavelengths. Carbon dioxide has a special property. It can absorb infrared radiation. On absorption of radiation, the bond between the carbon and oxygen vibrates along with its mean position. When a photon having the energy equal to the frequency of the molecule collides with the carbon dioxide, the energy is transferred to the molecule.
-The $C{{O}_{2}}\text{ }$ have the IR frequencies which correspond to the infrared radiation emitted by the earth. Incoming shortwave radiation passes through the atmosphere without being absorbed by the gases. As the frequency of the radiation coming from the sun is not equal to the radiation absorbed by the gas. But, the radiation which is emitted by the earth is well absorbed by the gases in the atmosphere.
-However, over the years the amount of carbon dioxide has increased gradually. This is resulting in the absorption of more radiation emitted by the earth. Since large heat is absorbed in the earth's atmosphere, the temperature of the atmosphere has started increasing. This harms living and non-living things. The rise in temperature than expected is gradually melting the glacier caps. This is ultimately increasing the seawater level.

The rise in sea level has the biggest disadvantage for the coastal regions. This is called global warming. Thus, excessive release of $C{{O}_{2}}\text{ }$ into the atmosphere results in global warming.

Hence, (D) is the correct option.

Note: This $C{{O}_{2}}\text{ }$ is a very important gas in the earth's atmosphere. It maintains temperature and life. Thus the effect by which the $C{{O}_{2}}\text{ }$ and other gases like water vapour, nitrogen to maintain the climate is known as the greenhouse effect. However, at an excessive level of absorbing gas, it is harmful. Oxygen and nitrogen are the diatomic molecules thus they have zero electronegativity difference . These diatomic molecules do not absorb the IR radiation and hence do not contribute towards the greenhouse effect.