Question

Excess of $Na + +$ ions in human system causes ________
A. Diabetes
B. Anaemia
C. Low blood pressure
D. High blood pressure

Answer 1

The sodium ions are present naturally in many common foods. Sodium helps in nerve impulse and muscle contraction of the body. Sodium has the ability to attract water and so regulate the amount of fluid in the blood, organs and tissues. The excess sodium in the body is removed by kidneys in the form of urine. Excess consumption of sodium can lead to many disorders in the body.

Complete explanation:
Option A Diabetes: Diabetes is a disease where the production of insulin hormone by the pancreas gets impaired thus leading to elevated blood glucose level in the body. There are two types of diabetes namely Type I diabetes and Type II diabetes. Diabetes and sodium ions are not related.
Option A is incorrect.
Option B Anaemia: Anaemia is a condition where there is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood. The ability of the blood to carry oxygen gets impaired due to low levels of RBC. The symptoms of anaemia include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath etc. Anaemia is not related to excess sodium ions.
Option B is incorrect.
Option C Low blood pressure: Low blood pressure is also called hypotension. It is a condition where the blood pressure is low enough to cause inadequate flow of blood to the organs of the body. Low blood pressure is caused by factors such as dehydration, heart diseases, endocrine problems, pregnancy etc. Excess sodium level does not cause low blood pressure.
Option C is incorrect.
Option D High blood pressure: High blood pressure also known as hypertension is a condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is very high. This can lead to severe diseases in the body. One of the major causes of hypertension is the presence of excess sodium ions in the body. The excess $Na + +$ ions have the ability to retain water and thereby increase the blood volume and flow. This can raise the blood pressure.
Option D is correct.

Hence, Option D. High blood pressure is the correct answer.

Note:
In high blood pressure the systolic pressure ranges from $120 - 129{\text{ }}mm{\text{ }}Hg$ and a diastolic pressure below $80{\text{ }}mm{\text{ }}Hg$. Steps should be taken to control the blood pressure or else it may lead to the collapse of the heart. Eating a healthy diet with less salt, regular physical activity, maintaining healthy body weight and limiting alcohol will keep hypertension at bay.