Question

Eukaryotic chromosome is made up of
A. DNA
B. DNA+protein
C. DNA+Lipids
D. RNA

Answer 1

The eukaryotic chromosome is located inside the nucleus. They appear as long condensed thread-like structures called the chromatins. They are highly organised structures which carry genetic information.

Complete Answer:
- The chromosome is a supercoiled DNA. The DNA is supercoiled so that it can fit inside the chromosome. The supercoiling of DNA is due to a protein called histones around which the DNA coils. The histones are basic in nature which allows the negative charged DNA to bind together.
- Histones are present in the Eukaryotic cells. The histones function as the spool on which DNA winds. The histone proteins are synthesised during chromatin duplication. These proteins are formed during the S-phase of cell cycle.
- Gene is a small segment of DNA. It codes RNA synthesis and amino acid synthesis of an organism.
DNA- DNA in circular form is found in prokaryotes.
RNA- It is found as genetic material in certain Bacteriophage and TMV.

The correct answer is (B). The Eukaryotic chromosome is made up of DNA and protein.

Additional Information: In Humans, there are a total 23 pairs of chromosomes are present. We inherit one set of chromosomes from the father and the other set from the mother. In Humans, around 3.2 billion nucleotides are spread over 23 chromosomes.

Note: Chromosomes are depicted as X- structures. The arms of the chromosome are held together by centromere. The supercoiling of DNA over histones appears as a beaded structure. This complex of DNA and protein is called chromatin.