Question

Embryo rescue is used for
A. Establishing suspension culture
B. Recovery of interspecific hybrids/difficult hybrids
C. Somatic hybridization
D. Haploid production

Answer 1

An in vitro culture method used to aid the growth of an immature or weak embryo into a viable plant is embryo rescue. In modern plant breeding, the embryo rescue method plays an important role.

Complete Answer:
- It has been generally used to create hybrids that are interspecific and intergeneric, as well as progenies of incompatible crosses that lead to embryo abortion. In plant tissue culture and plant breeding, Infeasible is a specialist plant biotechnology company. We have customised embryo rescue protocols for customers around the world. The most widely used tool for embryo rescue is embryo culture.
- Generally, prior to the planned occurrence of embryo abortion, seeds from controlled pollination plants are collected, followed by isolation and excision of embryos, which are then put directly on the culture medium for fertile plant production.
- Broad hybridization crosses in plant breeding can lead to small shrunken seeds that suggest fertilisation has occurred, but the seed does not grow. Remote hybridizations may sometimes fail to undergo normal sexual reproduction, so embryo rescue can help overcome this problem.

Applications:
1. Breeding of interspecific and intergeneric organisms which are incompatible.
2. Crop Dormancy Overcoming.
3. Crop viability determination.
4. Recovery of maternal haploids that form following interspecific hybridization as a result of chromosome elimination.
5. Used in research on the germination and growth physiology of seeds.

- Embryos are manually removed and immediately placed on a culture medium that provides the right nutrients to promote survival and development .
- Although these three methods vary in the processes of disinfestation and explant excision, many of the factors that lead to the successful recovery of viable plants are similar.
- The primary factors affecting performance are: culture time, medium structure, temperature and light.
- The rescue of the embryo is done and then the explant is saved in the culture of suspension.

The correct answer is, option (A) "establishing suspension culture."

Note: In the 18th century, when Charles Bonnet excised Phaseolus and Fagopyrum embryos and succeeded in planting them in the soil and the cross resulted in dwarf plants, embryo rescue was first recorded. Soon after that, scientists started putting the embryos in different nutrient media. Systems for embryo rescue were systematic during the period from 1890 to 1904 through the application of nutrient solutions containing salts and sugars and the application of aseptic techniques.