Question

Emasculation is achieved by
A. Removal of anther
B. Removal of stigma
C. Removal of entire organism
D. Removal of petals and sepals

Answer 1

Emasculation is the process of removal of male reproductive organ of a flower. It is mainly done in bisexual or monoecious plants. Bisexual flowers are those where androecium and gynoecium which are are male and female reproductive parts respectively are present in a same flower unlike unisexual where either of the reproductive organ is present. Emasculation is done in self pollinated plants during hybridization.

Complete answer:
In order to answer this question, let us study the reproductive parts of a flower and also about pollination. Flower consists of androecium i.e. the male part of a flower that contains anther and pollen grains. The female part gynoecium consists of ovary, style and stigma. Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma. In self pollination, the pollen grain transfer takes place within the same flower and in cross pollination it is transferred to another flower or other plant. In hybridization technique,to achieve the desired character, pollen from the desired parent is transferred, so for this reason emasculation is done where you remove the anthers to prevent pollination. After the emasculation process, bagging is done where you cover the emasculated flower with a bag to prevent contamination by other unwanted pollen.

Hence the correct option is A.

Note:
During the emasculation process, care should be taken such that it should not harm the female parts. Emasculation is mainly done by breeders to obtain a desired plant variety. After bagging, the desired and viable pollen which the breeders have stored is dusted on the stigma and is allowed for artificial pollination and by this method the breeder gets his desired plant.