Question

During the charging of lead storage battery, the reaction at anode is represented by:
(A) $Pb{{{}^\text{2}}^{+}}+\text{ }SO{{{}^\text{2}}^{-}}\text{ }\to \text{ }PbS{{O}_{4}}$
(B) $PbS{{O}_{4}}\text{ }+\text{ }2{{H}_{2}}O\text{ }\to \text{ }Pb{{O}_{2}}\text{ }+\text{ }SO{{{}^\text{2}}^{-}}\text{ }+\text{ }4{{H}^{+}}\text{ +}2{{e}^{-}}$
(C) $Pb\text{ }\to \text{ }Pb{{{}^\text{2}}^{+}}+\text{ }2{{e}^{-}}$
(D) $Pb{{{}^\text{2}}^{+}}\text{ }+\text{ }2{{e}^{-}}\text{ }\to \text{ }Pb$

Answer 1

Hint : Lead has a symbol $Pb$ and atomic number $82$ . It is known to be soft in nature and malleable. It has a weak metallic character and thus shows amphoteric nature. There is a conformation of covalent bond when lead and lead oxides react with acids and bases. Lead is known to have the highest atomic number of any stable element. Lead also has three isotopes which are used as endpoints of a major nuclear decay chain of heavy elements.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Lead storage batteries are also called lead-acid batteries. These can store a lot of charge and are known to provide high current in short time. Their major use is in the cars as they are capable of being recharged and thus makes them very useful in cars. There are two types of plates present in these batteries. These are both positive and negative plates. These plates become lead sulphate. The electrolyte which is used is sulphuric acid. This sulphuric acid loses its electrolyte while the discharging of the stored energy in batteries occurs.
These plates were designed from two spirals of lead foil and are separated by a sheath of cloth. It is then coiled up. The cells consist of a very low capacity. This slow process causes formation of lead dioxide on the plates and this causes roughening them to increase the surface area.
During the charging process:
At Anode oxidation takes place.
$PbS{O_4} + 2{H_2}O \to Pb{O_2} + S{O_4}^{2 - } + 4{H^ + } + 2{e^ - }$
Net reaction:
$2PbS{O_{4}} + 2{H_{2}}O \to Pb + Pb{O_2} + 2{H_{2}}S{O_4}\;$
Thus the correct answer is $\left( B \right)$ .

Note :
The batteries are very reliable but are heavy to ship. They are moderate with their power density and they give a good response time. They can be affected by temperature and thus they are needed to be maintained properly. They are still used in many stationary applications, where the plates increase the surface area by grooving.