Question

During oogenesis, each diploid cell produces
A)Four functional eggs
B)Two functional eggs and two polar bodies
C)One functional egg and three polar bodies
D)Four functional polar bodies

Answer 1

Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous organisms. When they reproduce they include formation of gametes (gametogenesis), i.e., sperms in males and ovum in females, respectively and then occurs the transfer of sperms into the female genital tract (insemination) and after that there occurs fusion of male and female gametes (fertilisation) leading to formation of zygote.

Complete answer:
The formation of female gamete is known as oogenesis.
Oogenesis:The process of formation and generation of a mature female gamete is called oogenesis which is markedly different from spermatogenesis. Oogenesis is started at the time of the embryonic development stage when a couple of million gamete mother cells (oogonia) are formed within each fetal ovary, no more oogonia are formed or added after birth. Scattered ovarian follicles are embedded in the stroma of the cortex.

An ovarian follicle consists of an oocyte, surrounded by one or more layers of follicular (flat epithelial) cells, the granulosa cells, which are derived from the germinal epithelium lining the ovary. The oogonial cells start division and enter into prophase-l of the meiotic division, and get temporarily arrested at this stage called primary oocytes. Each primary oocyte gets surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells and then called primary follicle.
In human females, different types of cells in the germinal epithelium divide by mitosis to generate a large number of oogonia (diploid). The oogonia multiply by mitotic divisions to give rise to primary oocytes (diploid). Each primary oocyte performs two maturation divisions.

In the first meiotic division the primary oocyte get half into two very unequal haploid daughter cells- a
large secondary oocyte and a small first polar body. In the second maturation division (mitotic), the first polar body may divide to produce two second polar bodies and the secondary oocyte divides to produce two unequal daughter cells, a large ootid and a small polar body. The ootid grows and gets converted to a haploid ovum.
A large number of primary follicles degenerate from birth to puberty that is at the age up to 14-16. Degeneration and disintegration of ovarian follicles is called follicular atresia and their disposal is done by phagocytes. Thus, at the time of puberty only 60,000 to 80,000 primary follicles are left in each ovary.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C)

Note: The primary sex organs - the testis in the males and the ovaries in the females, produce gametes i.e. sperms and ovum respectively, by the process called gametogenesis. The ovary is the primary female sex organ. It produces ova and secretes the female sex hormones, oestrogens and progesterone which are responsible for the development of secondary female sex characters