Question

During ecological succession
A. The changes lead to a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment and is called a pioneer community
B. The gradual and predictable change in species composition occurs in a given area
C. The establishment of a new community is very fast in its primary phase
D. The number and types of animals remain constant

Answer 1

Predictable changes in species of the area is an example of ecological succession. The final community that results after the succession that is in equilibrium with the environment is called a climax community.

Complete answer: Ecological succession refers to a series of gradual and predictable changes in the species of an area which leads to a stable unchanging final state called climax community which is in equilibrium with the environment. It is of two types:
a. Primary succession: It occurs in newly formed rock or area such as the area after the eruption of the volcano. In this succession, the soil is not present before, and it is formed after weathering of rocks.
b. Secondary succession occurs in an area that was previously colonized but was destroyed due to some disturbances. It is much faster than the primary succession.
The first community that inhabits an area in succession is called pioneer species. It is generally lichens in primary succession. These communities undergo a series of stages and lead to a final climax community which is in equilibrium with the environment
Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Note: Seral community: It is the intermediate stage of the ecological succession. It is later replaced by other communities. The seral community consists of a simple food web and food chains. There are seven types of seres, they are; hydrosere, xerosere, lithosere, halosere, senile, eosere and Psammosere.