Question

Donor X and recipient Y belong to the same blood group. Transfusion has led to RBC agglutination because
A. X is Rh+, Y is Rh-
B. X is Rh-, Y is Rh+
C. Both are Rh+
D. Both are Rh-

Answer 1

During the blood transfusion process, one of the important factors to be considered is the Rh compatibility, even when the blood groups are the same. Rh factor, also known as the Rhesus factor, is a kind of protein located in the RBCs.

Complete step by step answer: During the process of transfusion, if Rh-positive blood is transfused to an Rh-negative individual, further incompatibility reactions occur. This is because an Rh-positive blood transfusion can cause a person with Rh-negative blood to make antibodies against the Rh factor, causing a transfusion reaction. It can lead to complications such as hemolysis and potentially jaundice or hemoglobinuria. But, while transfusing Rh-negative blood to an Rh-positive individual, no reaction occurs because no agglutinins are not formed. Another type of Rh incompatibility occurs between an Rh-negative mother, carrying an Rh-positive fetus. At the time of parturition, when the blood of the fetus comes in contact with the maternal blood, mixing up occurs and the mother’s body starts showing an immune response producing antibodies against it. Therefore, transfusion of the blood should be done carefully. The blood group of the donor and the recipient should be checked properly before starting the transfusion process.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Note: The presence of Rh factor is not necessary for all individuals. Individuals who have the protein in their RBCs are said to be Rh-positive and the others are said to be Rh-negative. Incompatible blood transfusion causes certain reactions, such as allergic reactions, febrile reactions, Acute immune hemolytic reactions, etc.