Question

Does the $M{{g}^{+2}}$ ion have the same electron configuration as neon?

Answer 1

The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular physics and quantum chemistry. Each electron is described as travelling freely in an orbital in an average field generated by all other orbitals in electronic setups. Configurations are characterised mathematically by Slater determinants or configuration state functions.

Complete answer:
Isoelectronicity is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more molecules have the same structure (positions and connectivities among atoms) and electron configurations, but differ in the specific components present at certain points in the structure. Atoms or ions with the same amount of electrons are known as isoelectronic species. The amount of electrons in isoelectronic species would be the same, but the elements would be different. In other terms, isoelectronic species refers to ions and atoms that have the same amount of electrons.
To reach the electrical configuration state of noble gases, atoms can either gain or lose electrons, or they can share electrons. Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are gained or lost, whereas covalent connections are formed when electrons are shared. Because they have full octets, noble gases are the most stable elements in the periodic table. It denotes that their shells are finished. As a result, they do not need to respond in order to achieve stability. To reach their electrical configuration state, all other components respond. Because all of the choices are ions, they can lose or acquire electrons to produce the noble gas configuration.
We need to figure out how many electrons are in those ions. To do so, we must first locate the electrons in the corresponding atom, followed by the ion. Cations lose electrons whereas anions acquire them.
To achieve the configuration of their closest noble gas, magnesium will lose electrons. Magnesium and Magnesium have atomic numbers of 12 and lose 2 electrons to get the Ne configuration. The number of electrons in a magnesium ion is 12 - 2 = 10.
Hence the configuration of $M{{g}^{+2}}$ and Ne is the same.

Note:
The concept's usefulness rests in recognising closely related species as pairs or series. Because characteristics of isoelectronic species are anticipated to be consistent and predictable, recognising a molecule as isoelectronic with one that has already been described provides hints about probable properties and reactions. (Reactivity can be affected by differences in characteristics such as the electronegativity of the atoms in isoelectronic species.)