Question

DNA is made up of genes or genes are made up of DNA?

Answer 1

The deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the genetic material in humans and some other organisms. DNA is present inside the cell nucleus but some of it is also found in mitochondria which is also known as mitochondrial DNA. DNA is a molecule consisting of two polynucleotide chains held by the hydrogen bonds while the nucleotides are connected by phosphodiester bonds.

Complete answer:
Chromosomes consist of DNA and the histone protein ( a basic protein ). DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. The unique segments of DNA are known to be the genes. A gene is that segment of DNA which codes for a particular protein. Humans are considered to have around 20,000 genes but only 1- 2% of it codes for protein. We can say that the gene is that segment of DNA which is being expressed.
Genes are present on chromosomes at specific sites called loci. Alleles are different forms of the same gene present on homologous chromosomes on the same locus. Humans contain two copies of each gene. The slight difference in genes causes different physical appearances of different people. Gene is said to be the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. A gene can be dominant which can be expressed in heterozygous condition and it can be recessive which can only be expressed in homozygous condition.

So, to conclude we can say that genes are made up of DNA.

Note:
At the time of gene expression the DNA is first transcripted into RNA then, RNA is translated further into proteins and hence, the particular physical trait is expressed. Any mutation in these genes causes faulty protein formation.