Question

Distinguish between the followings: -
a) Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
b) Glycolysis and Fermentation.
c) Glycolysis and citric acid cycle.

Answer 1

(i)The oxidation of the glucose with the help of atmospheric oxygen is known as aerobic respiration, whereas the partial oxidation of organic food in the absence of atmospheric oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
(ii)Both fermentation and glycolysis are processes of converting complex molecules such as sugars and carbohydrates into simple forms.
(iii)Glycolysis is defined as the chain of the reaction for the conversion of glucose into pyruvate lactate and thus producing ATP.

Complete answer:
Difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic Respiration.	Anaerobic Respiration.
Aerobic Respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen.	Anaerobic Respiration takes place in a condition where there is a low oxygen environment.
It is a set of metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of ${O_2}$, occurring in a cell to convert chemical energy into ATPs.	It is a process of cellular respiration where the high energy electron acceptor is neither oxygen nor pyruvate derivatives.
It occurs in plants and animal cells.	Occurs in many anaerobic bacteria and human muscle cells.
Gases are exchanged in this respiration.	Gases are not exchanged in this form of respiration.
Glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.	Glucose break down in ethyl alcohol, $\;{C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6} \to {C_2}{H_5}OH + C{O_2}$ and energy.
All higher organisms such as mammals have this type of respiration.	Lower organisms such as bacteria and yeast this type of respiration.

b)Both fermentation and glycolysis are processes of converting complex molecules such as sugars and carbohydrates into simple forms.

Glycolysis	Fermentation
It is the first step of respiration which occurs without the requirement of oxygen.	Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration without the requirement of oxygen.
Glucose is converted into pyruvic acid	Starts from pyruvic acid and is converted into alcohol lactic acid.
Net ain is 2ATP.	No Net gain of ATP molecule.

c)Glycolysis is defined as the chain of the reaction for the conversion of glucose into pyruvate lactate and thus producing ATP.

Glycolysis	Citric acid
First step of cellular respiration.	Second step of cellular respiration.
A linear process...	A cyclic process.
End product is organic carbon substance.	End product is an inorganic substance.
Consumes two ATP.	Consumes no ATP.
CO2 is not released.	CO2 is released.

Note: The overall equation of aerobic respiration in$\;{C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6} \to 6{H_2}O +$Energy.The overall equation of anaerobic, respiration is- $\;{C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6} \to 6{H_2}O +$
(ii)Fermentation begins with glycolysis which breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules and produces two ATP (net) and two NADH. Fermentation allows glucose to continuously broken down to make ATP due to recycling of NADH to NAD+
(iii)The link between glycolysis and citric acid cycle is the oxidation decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl CoA. In eukaryotes, this reaction and those of the cycle take place inside mitochondria in contrast with glycolysis which takes place in the cytosol.