Question

Differentiate between:
Transcription and translation

Answer 1

Transcription and translation is seen inside the cells for the production of proteins this process gathers the information from DNA and make it beneficial by the production of proteins. The translation is a synthesis of mRNA from DNA, whereas translation is converting mRNA for the synthesis of proteins.

Complete answer:
Transcription:
• This mechanism takes place within the nucleus.
• cells copy the genetic information through messenger RNA.
• Just as DNA, the mRNA also has nucleotide bases.
• In mRNA, the nucleotide base uracil is replaced by thymine.
• After copying the information the mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves toward the cytoplasm through the nucleus pores.
• It needs a template for the completion of the process.
• The template is used in transcription complementary to mRNA.
• Coding strand is not used but it is identical to mRNA.

Translation:
• This process leads to the production of proteins.
• The process takes place in ribosomes within the cytoplasm.
• Ribosomes are the key centre for the production of proteins.
•The ribosomes read the genetic material copied by mRNA from DNA during the translation process.
• The ribosomes initiate the sequence and evaluate the nucleotides.
• Every three nucleotides for mRNA and ribosomes are specific to amino acids.
• The process of translation uses various reagents for the formation of a polypeptide chain.

Note: In prokaryotes, transcription and translation both are observed in the cytoplasm and the DNA prokaryotes are more easily available to RNA polymerase than the DNA which is seen in the prokaryotes because the eukaryotic DNA I completely wrapped around the histones which are called as nucleosomes. It is packed in the chromatin.