Question

Differentiate between the following pair on the basis of what is mentioned in brackets:
(I) Photolysis and photophosphorylation (Definition)
(II) Bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve (function)
(III) Vasectomy and tubectomy (Explain)
(IV) Cerebrum and spinal cord (Arrangement of the nerve cells)
(V) Bowman’s capsule and Malpighian capsule (parts included)

Answer 1

Bowman’s capsule and malpighian capsules are present in the kidney of human beings. Bicuspid and tricuspid valves are present in between the auricles and ventricles of the human heart. Cerebrum and spinal cord are the main parts of the human nervous system.

Complete Answer:
(I) Photolysis and photophosphorylation (Definition)

Photolysis	Photophosphorylation
It is the splitting of a chemical compound by means of light.	It is the process of adding phosphate to ADP to form ATP using the sunlight.
Ex: Splitting up of water in photosynthesis due to light.	Ex: In photosynthesis ADP is converted to ATP

(II) Bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve (function)

Bicuspid valve	Tricuspid valve
This valve is situated between the left auricle and the left ventricle of the heart which prevents the reverse flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the left auricle.	This valve is situated in between the right auricle and right ventricle which prevents the reverse flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right auricle.

(III) Vasectomy and tubectomy (Explain)

Vasectomy	Tubectomy
It is the method of permanent contraception in male in which the vas deferens is cut, tied and sealed to prevent the entry of sperm into the urethra and the female tract during intercourse.	It is the method of permanent contraception in females in which the fallopian tube is cut, tied and blocked to prevent the meeting of sperm with egg or implantation in the uterus.

(IV) Cerebrum and spinal cord (Arrangement of the nerve cells)

Cerebrum	Spinal cord
The cerebrum is composed of grey matter which has high concentration of neuronal cell bodies. The axon is inside and the cytons are outside.	The spinal cord is composed of white matter. Here the cytons are inside and axons are outside.

(V) Bowman’s capsule and Malpighian capsule (parts included)

Bowman’s capsule	Malpigian capsule
It is a doubled walled structure consisting of a visceral layer, capsular epithelium and parietal layer.	The Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus together form a malpighian capsule. Its main function is ultrafiltration.

Note: Photolysis and phosphorylation occurs in plants during photosynthesis. Tubectomy and vasectomy are the techniques used as a permanent contraception method in females and males of humans to prevent pregnancy.