Question

Differentiate between test cross and reciprocal cross.

Answer 1

Two forms of crosses introduced by Gregor Mendel are test crosses and backcross. To differentiate between homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes, a dominant phenotype is crossed with the homozygous recessive genotype in the test cross. The F1 is crossed in a backcross with one of the parents or an individual genetically similar to the parent.

Complete answer:
Test Cross:
The mating with the recessive phenotype of a dominant phenotype is referred to as the test cross. Zygosity can be characterized by a test cross of the dominant phenotype. Zygosity is the degree of similarity that defines a specific trait between two alleles. Zygosity is characterized by the percentage of phenotypes that exist in the offspring. It could be homozygous or heterozygous, either. Homozygous individuals are made up of either two recessive alleles or two dominant alleles. Heterozygous people contain both the gene's dominant and recessive alleles.

Reciprocal Cross:
The breeding of F1 hybrids with one of the parents is referred to as a backcross. When F1 is bred with a homozygous dominant, the progeny produces a 100 percent dominant phenotype. When the F1 has been bred with a recessive
Phenotype, the progeny produces 50 percent dominant and 50 percent recessive phenotypes. This cross produces a child that is genetically identical or closer to the parents of the F1.

Test cross	Reciprocal cross
It is the breeding of dominant phenotype with recessive phenotype	It is the breeding of F1 hybrid with one of the parents
All test crosses are backcrosses	Backcross of F1 hybrid with recessive phenotype can be considered as test cross
The F1 hybrid is crossed with recessive phenotype in test cross	F1 hybrid is crossed with either homozygous dominant or heterozygous genotype in backcross
This identifies the zygosity of the dominant phenotypes	This recovers the elite genotypes

Note: Test cross is used to determine whether the individual in question is heterozygous or homozygous to a certain allele. It may also be used as a method for testing linkages, i.e. estimating the recombination fraction. In genetics, a reciprocal cross is designed to test the role of parental sex on a given inheritance pattern.