Question

Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity?

Answer 1

The potential of the body to protect itself from an infectious disease. Your immune system can fight off infection from a disease when you are immune to it. Before birth, immunity in an organism may be present or given by antibodies generated outside the body.

Complete answer:

Active Immunity	Passive Immunity
The effective immunity in which the immune system of the organism is activated to create antibodies and lymphocytes.	The immunity in which an individual receives antibodies or lymphocytes that the immune system of another person has created.
Exposure to a pathogen or to the antigen of a pathogen is necessary. The individual's immune system is actively involved in the process.	Exposure to an infectious agent or its antigen is not necessary. The individual's immune system is not actively involved, but rather inactive.
When a person is exposed to an antigen or pathogen (clinical infection), it happens naturally.	When a foetus absorbs antibodies from the mother via the placenta or when a breast-feeding baby ingests antibodies in the milk of the mother, they arise naturally.
Artificially conferred via vaccinations. Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are involved.	Artificially granted by preformed antibody administration. Only ready-made antibodies impart immunity.
It includes the development of antibodies caused by infection or immunogens. It also results in long-lasting memory cells being created.	No antibody is made, but it is transferred directly. Memory immune cells do not shape here.
The security that is given is long-lived. As a lag period is present, the answer takes time to create. It can be reactivated by infection recurrence or by revaccination.	The security is just temporary. Therefore, since there is no lag time, security is immediate. For renewed defence, frequent re-administration is required.
For the safety of immuno-compromised or immune-deficient people, active immunity is not appropriate. It is quite successful for disease prophylaxis.	In cases of immuno-compromised, immuno-deficient or extreme mixed immunodeficiency, passive immunity is useful. As a post-exposure treatment, it is successful.

Note: Antibodies are proteins that the body produces to neutralise or kill pathogens or species carrying diseases. Antibodies are specific to diseases. For example , a person who is exposed to measles disease will be covered by measles antibodies, but it will have no effect if he or she is exposed to mumps.