Question

Describe with chemical equation the Laboratory method for the preparation of ammonia. Write its reaction with the following:
i) Oxygen in presence of platinum at $800^\circ C$
ii) Red hot copper oxide

Answer 1

The colourless compound formed from the composition of nitrogen and hydrogen atom is known as ammonia. It is poisonous in nature. The affinity of nitrogen increases towards oxygen in the presence of the catalyst.

Complete step by step answer:
As we all know that the chemical formula of ammonia is $N{H_3}$ . Ammonia is a colourless and poisonous gas. Ammonia has a pungent odor. It is basically a compound of nitrogen formed with the combination of hydrogen. The solubility of ammonia is very fine, it is readily soluble in water and evolves heat as it is exothermic in nature. When ammonia reacts with water ammonium hydroxide base is formed which is a weak base.
In laboratories the ammonia is prepared from the mixing of ammonium chloride and slaked lime. Slaked lime is also known as calcium hydroxide.
The reaction involved in the formation of ammonia in labs is as follows:
$2N{H_4}Cl + Ca{(OH)_2} + heat \to CaC{l_2} + 2N{H_4}OH \to 2N{H_3} + 2{H_2}O$
This reaction takes place in two steps and the reaction is initiated with the help of heat as it is an endothermic reaction.
The reaction of ammonia with the oxygen in presence of platinum is as following:
$4N{H_3} + 5{O_2}\xrightarrow[{800^\circ C}]{{Pt}}4NO + 6{H_2}O$
In this reaction the hydrogen atoms are removed at high temperature and the platinum catalyst helps in addition to oxygen atom with the nitrogen atom and hence nitrogen oxide is formed as a product.
And the second reaction, reaction of ammonia with the red hot copper oxide is as follows:
$2NH3 + 3CuO\xrightarrow{\Delta }3Cu + 3{H_2}O + {N_2}$
In the above reaction super stable nitrogen gas is released along with the copper metal and water molecules.

Note:
Ammonia is a gas with a pungent smell. Ammonia is extremely soluble in water. When ammonia chemically combines with water ammonium hydroxide is formed as a product. Ammonia is a flammable gas, it produces toxic fumes during burning.