Question

Describe the structure of a neuron with the help of a neat, labeled diagram.

Answer 1

Neurons are the nervous system's specialized cells that transmit signals throughout the body. Also, they are called nerve cells. Neurons have long branches that stretch out of the dendrites and axons called the cell body.

Complete answer:
The size, shape, and function of the neurons varies depending on their position and location. But almost all neurons have three basic components: a cell body, an axon, and dendrites.
Cell Body: The cell body, also known as soma, is the core of the neuron. Its shape is irregular or polyhedral. It includes cytoplasm and some granular bodies called granules of the Nissles that comprise community ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Dendrites: Dendrites are short fibers that regularly branch out of the cell body and protrude out. They operate by receiving signals from other neurons and allow signals to be transmitted to the cell body.
Axon: They are long fibers that originate from a branched distal end of the cell body. It finishes off in a synaptic knob. It's made of neurotransmitters.
The Parts of Axon is:
-Axoplasm: It is an axon's cytoplasm.
-Myelin sheath: It is composed of several layers from Schwann cells.
-Neurilemma: Schwann cell's outermost layer.
-Nodes of Ranvier: There are those gaps created by a sheath of myelin.

Additional Information: Synapse works by allowing a neuron's input to transfer an electrical or chemical signal from one neuron to another.

Note: The cell body carries genetic material, preserves the structure of the neuron, and gives the energy to drive activity. Many axons are coated with myelin, a fatty material. Myelin assists axons in transmitting an electrical signal. Generally, neurons have one principal axon. Neurons, known as dendritic trees, may have more than one set of dendrites. Generally how many they have depends on their position. Purkinje cells, for example, are a special type of neuron located inside the cerebellum. These cells have dendritic trees highly developed which enable them to receive thousands of signals.