Question

Describe the different methods by which the concentration of Hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 1

Hint : The chemical compound hydrogen peroxide has the formula ${H_2}{O_2}$ . It's a very pale blue liquid that's somewhat more viscous than water in its purest state. It's a bleaching agent, an oxidant, and an antiseptic.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Hydrogen peroxide concentration. Any method for obtaining hydrogen peroxide results in a dilute solution. Because it is fragile and decomposes when heated, great care must be given when concentrating its solution. $\;\;\;2{H_2}{O_2} \to 2{H_2}O + {O_2}$
The decomposition of ${H_2}{O_2}$ is catalyzed by the ions of heavy metals present as impurities. The solution of ${H_2}{O_2}$ ​is concentrated by the following methods.
(1)Using a water bath and cautious evaporation. In the evaporation dish, a dilute solution of ${H_2}{O_2}$ is heated to $313 - 323K$ . Water progressively evaporates, yielding a $45 - 50\%$ strength hydrogen peroxide solution.
(2) Using a vacuum desiccator to dehydrate. The dilute $\left( {50\% {\text{ }}} \right)$ ${H_2}{O_2}$ solution obtained is concentrated further by placing it in a vacuum desiccator with concentrated ${H_2}S{O_4}$ as a dehydrating agent. Concentrated sulfuric acid absorbs water vapours here. The diagram depicts this.
(3) Distillation at a lower pressure. By distilling the hydrogen peroxide solution under reduced pressure, it can be further concentrated. Under a lowered pressure of $15{\text{ }}mm{\text{ }}Hg$ , the solution is distilled at $308{\text{ - }}313K$ . The water in the solution evaporates, leaving a $98.99\%$ concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution left.
(4) As a result of crystallisation. By freezing ${H_2}{O_2}$ in a freezing mixture of solid $C{O_2}$ and ether, the remaining vestiges of water are eliminated. The hydrogen peroxide crystals separate. To achieve $100\%$ pure hydrogen-peroxide, these crystals are removed, dried, and remelted.
(5) Hydrogen peroxide storage. Before storing hydrogen peroxide, a little amount of acetanilide (a negative catalyst) is added to check for breakdown. Because hydrogen peroxide is a highly unstable liquid, it cannot be concentrated by distillation at ordinary pressure because it decomposes into water and oxygen. It decomposes even when left out for a long time or heated.

Note :
Hydrogen peroxide is a common antiseptic for cleaning minor cuts and disinfecting surfaces. Hydrogen peroxide is a staple in many medicine cabinets and first-aid kits due to its versatility, and it is readily available at most drug stores.