Question

Describe different methods of animal breeding and mention their significance.

Answer 1

Animals are domesticated and cultivated for various reasons such as livestock, rearing for meats, egg, milk, wool production as well as for other uses such as transportation etc. Various animals are domesticated and are of economical values such as dogs and cats. The useful and good traits are always favored as they have a good economical value.

Complete step by step answer: Animal breeding is the technique involving mating and production of good qualities or traits to give rise to highly reproductive and suitable animals with suitable traits. In this process, animals with desirable traits and characters are mated for more than four generations to obtain good quality and economically high value. It is a technique that causes enhancement and increase in the overall performance of the selected traits so as to gain maximum production and profits.
The process of animal breeding includes two important types of breeding methods. The two major types of breeding methods are inbreeding method and outbreeding method.
The inbreeding method is the procedure of breeding animals that are related more closely as compared to the rest of the population. In this method, the related individuals or the male and females are more related than the average of the population. The inbreeding method depends upon the closeness of the mating individuals that are selected for mating. THe selected mating individuals are of three types which are close interbreeding individuals, mild interbreeding individuals and line breeding. It increases homozygosity and increases genetic variance between the lines but it also causes the less potential genes.
The outbreeding method involves the technique of breeding of unrelated individuals. This method includes the individuals only on the basis of the desired genes that are required. The individuals are not related to one another but have a relationship less than average of the population. In this process, the selection of breeding mates is done on the basis of useful characteristics. This method results in an increase in the heterozygosity of the genes and it results in increased hybrid features related to height, faster growth, resistance to diseases, and low mortality. It also increases genetic variances and removes defective and lethal genes.

Note: Animal breeding is an important process related to obtaining useful characteristics in the animals with the scope of economic profit and increased valor in the animals. The process involves selection of mating individuals with selected desirable traits. The two important methods are inbreeding and outbreeding methods. The inbreeding methods includes mating individuals that are related to one another while in outbreeding methods they are not related with each other.