Question

Deposition of fatty substances in the lining of arteries results in
A. Arteriosclerosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Hypotension

Answer 1

Fatty substances refers to all those molecules that comprise fats and are sticky or resistant in nature due to their large sizes. The elevated cholesterol levels, smoking, and high blood pressure cause fat deposition in arteries. This results in a slowly progressive disease that includes thickening of arteries from inside blocking normal blood flow affecting mainly coronary arteries or arteries in legs.

Complete step by step answer: The fatty substances that get collected in an artery are called plaques. These are composed of cholesterol, calcium and fibrin, fatty substances, and cellular waste products. They act as a clog in arteries where they present. Normal blood and thus oxygen flow is interrupted by such clots in the arteries. They thicken the hollow area or artery and trap the cell debris becoming denser. This can generate various other diseases like coronary heart diseases, Angina, etc.
-Option A is Arteriosclerosis. This condition is characterized by the hardening of the blood vessels or arteries. ‘Arterio’ means arteries and ‘sclerosis’ means hardening. The arteries lose the ability to stretch.
-Option B is Atherosclerosis. The word ‘Athero’ means a liquid fluid that is sticky in composition and the word ‘sclerosis’ means hardening. So, this condition is characterized by the hardening of fluid substance inside the artery. The fluid substance mainly consists of fats, cholesterol, and cell debris. It results in the clogging of arteries.
-Option C is Hyperglycemia. It is related to diabetes mellitus. It means increased levels of glucose in the blood.
-Option D is Hypotension. Hypotension or low blood pressure is the threatening low levels of diastolic blood pressure. It causes dizziness and sometimes leads to fainting.
Except for Atherosclerosis, all the other options are not related to any fat deposition in arteries.
Thus, the right answer is option B, Atherosclerosis.

Note: One of the major reasons for atherosclerosis is smoking. Smoking progressively leads to fat deposition in the Aorta which is the main artery of the human body. By accelerating the growth rate of plaque in the aorta it directly leads to heart arrests.