Question

Define the following terms:
A. Peristalsis
B. Omnivore
C. Pylorus
D. Kilocalorie
E. Basal metabolic rate.

Answer 1

Hint:- To understand any concept, process, pathway or even for the purpose of retaining a theory for a longer time in mind, it is very necessary that we understand the basic terms involved properly in a way that we can utilise the concepts associated with those terms for the easy understanding and development of bigger concepts involving those term. Let us now try to understand the meaning of given terms.

Complete Answer:-
Peristalsis- A series of wavelike, radial and symmetrical muscle contraction and relaxation is called peristalsis. It mainly involves involuntary longitudinal and circular muscles and occur primarily in the digestive tract where they help in the passage of food to different processing stations. Peristaltic waves can occasionally occur in other hollow tubes also. Medulla oblongata controls the process of peristalsis.
Omnivore- An animal which can eat and survive on both plants as well as animal matter is called omnivore. Independently evolved smart consumption capabilities may account for the diverse background that omnivores come from. Since they are capable of obtaining nutrients and energy from both plant and animal matter, they can digest carbohydrates, fibers, proteins and fat. They use the energy and nutrients thus obtained from these sources for metabolic purposes. Ex- bears, birds, dogs, etc.
Pylorus- The part of the stomach that opens into the duodenum is called pylorus. It consists of two parts- pyloric antrum connecting to the body of stomach and pyloric canal connecting to the duodenum. Regulation of the entry of food from stomach to duodenum is done by pylorus through pyloric sphincter.
Kilocalorie- The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water through one degree Celsius at sea level is called kilocalorie. To talk of nutrition, it is a unit of food energy and equals 1000 calories.
Basal metabolic rate- It is the number of calories needed by the body to perform basic metabolic functions while at rest. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) which is the number of calories burnt by the body for performing basic metabolic functions at rest is often used interchangeably with BMR.

Note:- It is noteworthy to mention that all these terms are in some or the other way related to nutrition and energy. A lower BMR is a manifestation of slower metabolism.