Question

Define scalars and vectors. Give two examples of each.

Answer 1

Two types of quantity exist: scalar and vector.
Scalars are physical quantities that can be described by their numerical values or magnitude without directions.
On other hand, Vectors are physical quantities that can be described by their numerical values or magnitude with directions.
Moreover, the scalar value can also be defined as the magnitude of a vector quantity.

Complete answer:
Scalars are those physical quantities that only have magnitude and no directions. They only have their numerical values with their respective units. The addition and subtraction of the scalar quantities follow the simple algebra rules where only their magnitudes are added or subtracted.
Two examples of scalars: Mass and Time
Vectors are those physical quantities that have both magnitudes and directions. The vector number is present as the direction using unit cap or arrow at the top on numerical value with their respective unit. The addition and subtraction of vector quantities do not follow the simple algebra rules.
Two examples of vectors: Acceleration and Force.

Note:
The addition and subtraction of vector quantities do not follow the simple arithmetic rules. They are different from algebraic addition or subtraction. Some specific rules can be used to add or subtract vector quantity. Those are following rules-
Only the same nature of the vector can be added. Like, acceleration can be added with acceleration, not with force.
Vector and scalar can not be added together. Like, force and time can not be added together.
The parallelogram method and the triangle method can be used for vector addition and subtraction.