Question

Define parthenogenesis.

Answer 1

We all know that Animals such as bees, wasps, ants have no sex chromosomes. These organisms are reproduced by parthenogenesis. The non-adaptive combination of genes is controlled by this. A few plants, reptiles, and fish are also efficient in reproducing in this manner. It takes place usually among lower plants and invertebrate animals.

Complete answer:

Parthenogenesis takes place in animals, where an unfertilized ovum evolves into a new individual, which is a clone of a female and mostly haploid. The reproductive strategy, which requires the development of a female (rarely a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization.
There are two types of parthenogenesis, they are the Natural Parthenogenesis and the Artificial Parthenogenesis.
Where parthenogenesis occurs naturally in their life cycles, known as natural parthenogenesis.
The fertilized eggs may sometimes be developed parthenogenetically by various chemical and physical matters. This is known as artificial parthenogenesis.
Parthenogenesis assists in determining the sex of an individual in honey bees, wasps, etc.
Variations from populations are removed by parthenogenesis.
It is the simplest, most stable, and easy process of reproduction.
Polyploidy in organisms is caused by this process.
Temperature brings parthenogenesis in eggs.

Note:

The organisms produced by parthenogenesis cannot live for long due to no recombination of genetic material. It helps in the development of advantageous mutant characters.
The artificial Parthenogenesis is caused by ultraviolet light and electrical shocks.
A few organisms such as crayfish, snakes, komodo dragons, and sharks can reproduce sexually as well as by parthenogenesis. This is known as facultative parthenogenesis.