Question

Dative bond is present in the molecule:
A) ${\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$
B) ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$
C) ${\text{NaCl}}$
D) ${\text{PC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{5}}}$
E) None

Answer 1

A dative bond is also known as a coordinate covalent bond. Here, both the electrons forming the bond are contributed by only one atom. Thus, it involves a one-sided sharing of a lone pair of electrons.

Complete step by step answer:
A bond formed by sharing an electron pair between two atoms is known as a covalent bond.
A bond formed by the electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions is known as an ionic bond.
A dative bond is a special type of covalent bond where, both the electrons forming the bond are transferred by only one atom.
The structure of ${\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$ is as follows:

Here, all N-H bonds are formed by sharing an electron pair so all these bonds are covalent bonds.
So, option (A) ${\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$ is the incorrect answer.
The structure of ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ is as follows:

Here, both C=O bonds are formed by sharing an electron pair so both these bonds are covalent bonds.
So, option (B) ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ is the incorrect answer.
NaCl is an ionic compound as it contains a bond between sodium metal and non-metal chlorine. So it shows ionic bonding. Ionic compounds do not show a dative bond.
So, option (C) ${\text{NaCl}}$ is the incorrect answer
The structure of ${\text{PC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{5}}}$ is as follows:

Here, phosphorus shows an exception of the octet rule as the central P atom has 10 electrons around it. As all 5 P-Cl bonds are formed by sharing an electron pair so all these bonds are covalent bonds.
So, option (D) ${\text{PC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{5}}}$ is the incorrect answer.

Thus, the correct option is an option (D) None.

Note: In a dative bond one atom shares its pair of electrons so it is known as a donor. While another atom accepts a pair of electrons from another atom so known as acceptor. The main difference between the covalent bond and dative bond is in covalent bond both the combining atoms share a pair of electrons while in dative bond only one atom shares a pair of electrons.