Question

Dative bond is present in:
A. $S{O_3}$
B. $N{H_3}$
C. $BaC{l_2}$
D. $B{F_3}$

Answer 1

A dative bond can be elaborated as a type of chemical bond that is formed in between two atoms due to the sharing of the electron pair where only one atom within the molecule provides a shared pair of electron for the formation of a bond. One can apply this concept to the given options and analyze their structures and find out the answer.

Complete step by step answer:
-First of all we will learn about a dative bond where it can be defined as a type of chemical bond that is formed in between two atoms due to the sharing of the electron pair where only one atom within the molecule provides a shared pair of electrons for the formation of a bond.
- Now let's analyze the given options one by one. The molecule $S{O_3}$ has two coordinate bonds but that structure is not the most stable form as it carries a formal charge. Hence, it doesn’t show dative bonding.
- In the molecule $N{H_3}$ the structure has a lone pair of electrons present on its central nitrogen atom which can give it to form a dative bond. Hence, $N{H_3}$ shows the dative bonding.
-In the structure $BaC{l_2}$ does not give dative bonding as it doesn’t have any lone pair of electrons.
- In the molecule $B{F_3}$ the structure is electron deficient hence it does not form a dative bond.
- Therefore, the Dative bond is present in $N{H_3}$ which shows option B as the correct choice.
So, the correct answer is “Option B”.

Note: In the formation of a dative bond the other atom present in the same molecule does not provide electrons for sharing which means it is one-sided sharing. When there is the formation of the coordinate covalent bond the atoms have lone pairs of electrons present in it. The atom which gives an electron pair is termed as doner and the other atom which receives the electron pair is called the acceptor. The total contributions of electrons while the combining of atoms in a covalent bond are equal.