Question

Darwin gave the theory of evolution based on
A) Survival of the fittest
B) Natural selection
C) Mutation
D) Descent with modifications

Answer 1

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of biological evolution. This theory is also known as Darwin theory. This theory was written in his book ‘The Origin of Species’ in the year 1859. He is a naturalist who made detailed studies on nature for about 20 years. He is also considered the ‘Father of Evolution’.

Complete answer :
As I mentioned he studied nature. He said that species keep on changing with the time by a process called adaptation. As the environment changes, organisms start adapting to those changes. But, all the changes are not contributing towards evolution. Darwin based on his theory of natural selection, explained how species are formed over a period of time. He also adds that various species evolved from a single species by adapting to the new environment. A very good example which explains this is how present day humans have evolved from the ancestral apes. Within a population, variation can be seen but all the variations do not contribute to evolution. Only those variations which are selected by nature are passed on to next generations. The organisms which are selected by nature can become parents for the next generation. This explanation holds good to support his theory.

Hence, the correct option is B

Note:
Apart from Darwin’s theory, there are other theories of evolution namely ,mutation theory and neo darwinism. Mutation theory was given by Hugo De Vries and the neo-darwinism which is also called a modern concept of evolution was given by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.