Question

Correct sequence of layer of bacterial cell envelope from outward to inward is
A) Cell wall → Glycocalyx →Cell membrane
B) Cell membrane → Glycocalyx →Cell wall
C) Glycocalyx→ Cell wall →Cell membrane
D) Glycocalyx→ Cell membrane→Cell wall

Answer 1

The main role of the cell wall in prokaryotes is to shield the cell from the internal turgor pressure created by significantly higher protein and other molecular concentrations within the cell relative to its external environment.

Complete answer:
Prokaryotes, missing well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, and chromosomes consisting of a single closed circle of DNA, are bacteria. They come in various shapes and sizes, from minute circles to flagellated rods and filamentous chains to tubes and spiral threads. On Earth, they are located almost everywhere and exist in some of the most rare and seemingly unlivable areas. There are two or three layers of the cell envelope: the inner cell membrane, nucleus, the cell wall, and an outer capsule in certain types of bacteria.

Now, let us find the solution from the options-
- Glycocalyx: The glycocalyx is a glycoprotein and glycolipid coating that covers the cell membranes of certain bacteria, epithelia, as well as other cells, also recognized as a pericellular matrix. On the outer surface of their plasma membranes, most animal epithelial cells have a fuzz-like covering.This coating comprises many membrane glycolipid and glycoprotein carbohydrate molecules that serve as backbone molecules to help.

- Cell wall: A solid cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan, a protein-sugar (polysaccharide) molecule, is surrounded by each bacterium. The wall provides the cell its form and, separating it from the environment, covers the cytoplasmic membrane. It also helps anchor appendages such as flagella and pili, which reside in the membrane of the cytoplasm and protrude outward via the wall.

- Cell membrane: The interior of the bacterium is surrounded by a layer of phospholipids and proteins, called the cell membrane, controlling the passage of materials into and out of the cell. This is a systemic feature that bacteria share with all other living cells; a membrane that helps them to communicate with their surroundings selectively. Membranes have two sides, each side having a separate surface and various functions, and are finely ordered and asymmetrical. Membranes are also versatile, responding continually to multiple forms of membranes.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C) Gycocalyx→ Cell wall →Cell membrane.

Note: The bacterial cell wall varies in the existence of peptidoglycan, which is found directly beyond the cytoplasmic membrane, from that of all other species. The solidity of the bacterial cell wall and the determination of cell structure are essential for peptidoglycan.