Question

Cleavage of a chemical bond in a process where both of the electrons involved in the original bond formation remain with only one of the fragment species is called:
A.Homolytic bond fission
B.Heterolytic bond fission
C.Homolytic bond fission
D.Homolytic bond fission

Answer 1

We have to know that many chemical reactions involved in the formation of new chemical bonds and breaking of existing chemical bonds. Heterolytic bond fission and homolytic bond fission are the major types of bond fission.

Complete step by step answer:
We can refer to heterolytic fission as heterolysis. In heterolytic fission, the covalent bond present between two chemical entities is broken in a dissimilar way. This results in the retention of a bond pair of electrons by one of the chemical entities. So, when a molecule that is neutrally charged is subjected to heterolytic fission, one of the products formed would contain positive charge, and the other product formed would contain negative charge.
We use the term “cation” to the positively charged product obtained from heterolytic fission of a neutral molecule. A chemical entity which does not retain any of the bonded electrons after the bond fission is the cation.
We use the term “anion” to the negatively charged product obtained from heterolytic fission of a neutral molecule. A chemical entity that retains both the bonded electrons post the process of bond fission is the anion.
Heterolytic bond fission is the process of cleaving of a chemical bond where the electrons that take part in the formation of the original bond retain with only one of the fragment species. We can refer to homolytic fission as hemolysis. In this type of bond fission, the dissociation of a specific molecule where one electron is recollected by every original fragment of the molecule. So, the molecule that is neutrally charged is made to undergo homolytic fission, we get two free radicals as the products. We have to know the term homolytic fission means equal breaking.
Therefore, the option (A), (C) and (D) are incorrect.

Therefore, the option B is correct.

Note:
We can call energy that is required to initiate the homolytic fission in a molecule as homolytic bond dissociation energy. The homolytic fission of a molecule is initiated by large amount of energy. For heterolytic cleavage the energy that is necessary to cleave a covalent bond is known as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.