Question

Chemical composition of some matter is given in the following table. Identify the main type of matter from their chemical composition.

Name of the matter	Chemical composition	Main type of matter
Sea water	${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} + {\text{NaCl}} + {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}$
Distilled water	${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$
Hydrogen gas filled in a balloon	${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}$
The gas in LPG cylinder	${{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{10}}}} + {{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}$
Baking soda	${\text{NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$
Pure gold	${\text{Au}}$
The gas in oxygen cylinder	${{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$
Bronze	${\text{Cu}} + {\text{Sn}}$
Diamond	${\text{C}}$
Heated white powder of blue vitriol	${\text{CuS}}{{\text{O}}_4}$
Limestone	${\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$
Dilute hydrochloric acid	${\text{HCl}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$

Answer 1

We know that any substance having mass and occupies space is known as matter. There are three main types of matter: element, compound and mixture.

Complete step by step answer:
Element can be defined as a substance that cannot be decomposed into a simple substance by chemical process.
Compound can be defined as the chemical substance that is made of two or more elements. In a compound, the elements are chemically bound to each other in a fixed ratio.
Mixture can be defined as the material made up of two or more different substances that are combined physically.
Consider sea water. The chemical composition of seawater is ${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} + {\text{NaCl}} + {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}$. Sea water is made up of three different substances ${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$, ${\text{NaCl}}$ and ${\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}$ and the physical identity of each substance is retained. Thus, sea water is a mixture.
Consider distilled water. The chemical composition of distilled water is ${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$. Distilled water is made up of two elements hydrogen and oxygen and the physical identity of the elements is not maintained. Thus, distilled water is a compound.
Consider hydrogen has filled in a balloon. The chemical composition of hydrogen filled in a balloon is ${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}$. The hydrogen gas cannot be decomposed to a simple substance. Thus, hydrogen filled in a balloon is an element (molecule).
Consider the gas in the LPG cylinder. The chemical composition of the gas in LPG cylinder is ${{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{10}}}} + {{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}$. The gas in LPG cylinder is made up of two different substances ${{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{10}}}}$ and ${{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}$ and the physical identity of each substance is retained. Thus, the gas in the LPG cylinder is a mixture.
Consider baking soda. The chemical composition of baking soda is ${\text{NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$. Baking soda is made up of four elements sodium, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen and the physical identity of the elements is not maintained. Thus, baking soda is a compound.
Consider pure gold. The chemical composition of pure gold is ${\text{Au}}$. The pure gold cannot be decomposed to simple substances. Thus, pure gold is an element.
Consider the gas in an oxygen cylinder. The chemical composition of the gas in an oxygen cylinder is ${{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$. The oxygen gas cannot be decomposed to simple substances. Thus, the gas in an oxygen cylinder is an element (molecule).
Consider bronze. The chemical composition of bronze is ${\text{Cu}} + {\text{Sn}}$. Bronze is made up of two different substances ${\text{Cu}}$ and ${\text{Sn}}$ and the physical identity of each substance is retained. Thus, bronze is a mixture.
Consider diamonds. The chemical composition of diamond is ${\text{C}}$. The diamond cannot be decomposed to simple substances. Thus, diamond is an element (allotrope).
Consider heated white powder of blue vitriol. The chemical composition of heated white powder of blue vitriol is ${\text{CuS}}{{\text{O}}_4}$. Heated white powder of blue vitriol is made up of three elements copper, sulphur and oxygen and the physical identity of the elements is not maintained. Thus, heated white powder of blue vitriol is a compound.
Consider limestone. The chemical composition of limestone is ${\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$. Limestone is made up of three elements calcium, carbon and oxygen and the physical identity of the elements is not maintained. Thus, limestone is a compound.
Consider dilute hydrochloric acid. The chemical composition of dilute hydrochloric acid is ${\text{HCl}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$. Dilute hydrochloric acid is made up of two different substances ${\text{HCl}}$ and ${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$ and the physical identity of each substance is retained. Thus, dilute hydrochloric acid is a mixture.
Thus, we can fill the table as follows:

Name of the matter	Chemical composition	Main type of matter
Sea water	${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} + {\text{NaCl}} + {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}$	Mixture
Distilled water	${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$	Compound
Hydrogen gas filled in a balloon	${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}$	Element (molecule)
The gas in LPG cylinder	${{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{10}}}} + {{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}$	Mixture
Baking soda	${\text{NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$	Compound
Pure gold	${\text{Au}}$	Element
The gas in oxygen cylinder	${{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$	Element (molecule)
Bronze	${\text{Cu}} + {\text{Sn}}$	Mixture
Diamond	${\text{C}}$	Element (allotrope)
Heated white powder of blue vitriol	${\text{CuS}}{{\text{O}}_4}$	Compound
Limestone	${\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$	Compound
Dilute hydrochloric acid	${\text{HCl}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$	Mixture

Note:
An element is the fundamental material of the matter. In a compound, physical identities are not retained. In a mixture, physical identities are retained.