Question

Cerebral hemispheres are the centers of
A. Thinking
B. Taste
C. Smell
D. All of the above

Answer 1

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, spanning all three cranial fossae. The composite parts are often classified to support their embryological origin, functional roles or their topography.

Complete Answer:
Brain, the mass of animal tissue within the anterior end of an organism. The brain integrates sensory information and directs motor responses; in higher vertebrates it's also the centre of learning.

In lower vertebrates the brain is tubular and resembles an early developmental stage of the brain in higher vertebrates. It consists of three distinct regions: the hindbrain, the midbrain, and therefore the forebrain. Although the brain of upper vertebrates undergoes considerable modification during embryonic development, these three regions are still discernible.

The hindbrain consists of the medulla and also the pons. The medulla transmits signals between the funiculus and therefore the higher parts of the brain; it also controls such autonomic functions as heartbeat and respiration. The pons is partly made of tracts connecting the funiculus with higher brain levels, and it also contains cell groups that transfer information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum.

The midbrain is the main centre of sensory integration in fish and amphibians. It is also committed to integration in reptiles and birds. In mammals the midbrain is greatly reduced, serving primarily as a connecting link between the hindbrain and also the forebrain.
Connected to the medulla, pons, and midbrain by large bundles of fibres is that the cerebellum. Relatively large in humans, this “little brain” controls balance and coordination by producing smooth, coordinated movements of muscle groups.

The forebrain includes the cerebral hemispheres and, under these, the brainstem, which contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus is the main relay centre between the medulla and therefore the cerebrum; the hypothalamus is a crucial control centre for drive, pleasure, pain, hunger, thirst, pressure, vital sign, and other visceral functions. The hypothalamus produces hormones that control the secretions of the ductless gland gland, and it also produces oxytocin and internal secretion, which are stored in and released by the endocrine gland.

The cerebrum, originally functioning as a part of the olfactory lobes, is involved in the more complex functions of the human brain. In humans and other advanced vertebrates, the cerebrum has grown over the remainder of the brain, forming a convoluted (wrinkled) layer of grey substance. The degree of convolution is partly addicted to the dimensions of the body. Small mammals generally have smooth brains, and huge mammals generally have highly convoluted ones.

The cerebral hemispheres are separated by a deep groove, the longitudinal cerebral fissure. At the bottom of this fissure lies a thick bundle of nerve fibres, called the nerve pathway, which provides a communication link between the hemispheres. The hemisphere controls the proper half the body, and the other way around, thanks to a crossing of the nerve fibres within the medulla or, less commonly, within the neural structure. Although the right and left hemispheres are mirror images of 1 another in many ways, there are important functional distinctions. In the majority, for instance, the areas that control speech are located within the hemisphere, while areas that control spatial perceptions are located within the right brain.

The correct option is D, all of the above.

Note: A structure called the tract connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and enables communication between them. Dysfunction or absence of this structure may end up in an exceedingly condition referred to as split-brain syndrome, within which each hemisphere of the brain functions independently. Split-brain syndrome is related to conditions like alien-hand syndrome, which is characterized by involuntary and uncoordinated yet purposeful movement of the hands.