Question

$C{{l}^{-}}$ ions act as activators for:
A. amylases
B. peptidases
C. glycosidases
D. lipases

Answer 1

In a reaction, some outer species take part which enhance the rate of reaction. They are not consumed themselves. Such species are called catalysts and the process is called catalysis. The given options are the enzymes. They are generally used in a reaction as a catalyst.

Complete step by step solution:
-Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as catalyst. One thing to note is that the catalyst is not consumed in the reaction process. It just enhances the rate of reaction. It is added in a small amount in the reaction chamber.
-As the catalysts alter the rate of reaction, it is very important for them to be able to interact properly with the reactants. So, the catalysts must be of the order of the reactants and in such a shape so as to ensure maximum surface area coverage.
-Catalysts are of two types – positive catalysts and negative catalysts. Positive catalysts increase the rate of reaction while negative catalysts decrease the rate of the reaction. Both of them have different roles in reactions.
- Positive catalysts, called activators, decrease the time duration of the reaction. It increases the rate or the velocity of the reaction such that the reactions occur faster than before thereby decreasing the time duration to a large extent.
-Negative catalysts, also called inhibitors, are used mainly if the compound is too reactive and we need to make a certain product and stop it from reacting further. They decrease the rate or the velocity of the reaction thereby increasing the time duration of the reaction. It sometimes does not allow the reaction to move in forward direction.
-$C{{l}^{-}}$ ions act as activators for amylases. It binds these structures which results in increased interactions with the catalytic residues thus boosting the reaction of amylases. It is used due to the immobilization of the amylases leading to the failure of adsorption.

Hence, answer is option (A).

Note: Catalysts are usually foreign particles only. But sometimes a product formed during a reaction can work as a catalyst. Such catalysts are called auto-catalysts. Also the term catalyst is used to indicate the positive catalysts only when nothing else is specified. Negative catalysts are specifically described when used in a reaction.