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Question: \[{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}OH\xrightarrow{Cu/300{}^\circ C}X.\] In the above reaction, the molecular form...

C2H5OH→Cu/300∘CX.{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}OH\xrightarrow{Cu/300{}^\circ C}X.
In the above reaction, the molecular formula of XX is:

Explanation

Solution

Hint : We know that when alcohol is treated with copper catalyst at , then dehydrogenation will take place. There will be removal of hydrogen or oxidation will take place. This reagent is also used for the separation of the primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Let us see how Copper at will reacts with different types of alcohol. In the primary alcohol, the carbon connecting to the hydroxyl group will be connected to only one carbon atom. While in case of secondary alcohol, the carbon connecting to the hydroxyl group will be further connected to two more carbon atoms. And in case of tertiary alcohols the carbon connecting to the hydroxyl group, will be further connected to three more carbon atoms.
Primary alcohol: The primary alcohols will react with copper vapours at 300∘C300{}^\circ C to form corresponding aldehyde.
Secondary alcohol: The secondary alcohol will react with copper vapours at 300∘C300{}^\circ C to form corresponding ketone.
R−CH(OH)−R′→573KCuR−C(=O)−R′R-CH(OH)-R'\xrightarrow[573K]{Cu}R-C(=O)-R'
Tertiary alcohol: The tertiary alcohol will react with copper vapours at 300∘C300{}^\circ C to undergo dehydrogenation and corresponding alkene will be formed
CH3(CH3)2−OH→573KCuCH3−C(CH3)=CH2C{{H}_{3}}{{(C{{H}_{3}})}_{2}}-OH\xrightarrow[573K]{Cu}C{{H}_{3}}-C(C{{H}_{3}})=C{{H}_{2}}
The given alcohol given is an example of primary alcohols named as Ethanol which reacts with vapours of copper to form corresponding aldehydes named Acetaldehyde.
CH3−CH2−OH→573KCuCH3−CH(=O)C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-OH\xrightarrow[573K]{Cu}C{{H}_{3}}-CH(=O)
The molecular formula of Acetaldehyde is C2H4O.{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{4}}O.

Note :
Remember that There are various different reagents used for the oxidation of alcohols’ for example potassium dichromate, Collins reagent (CrO3)(Cr{{O}_{3}}),Pyridinium chlorochromate, Dess Martin reagent, Dimethyl Sulphoxide (Swern Oxidation), Jones reagent aluminium isopropoxide/acetone (Oppenauer oxidation).