Question

Buckminsterfullerene is an allotropic form of :
A) Phosphorus
B) Sulphur
C) Carbon
D) Tin

Answer 1

In order to solve this question we have to do structural analysis of this buckminsterfullerene so this consist of a football like structure of buckminsterfullerene is the main key which results the allotropic behavior in Buckminsterfullerene.

Complete answer:
Before solving this first we should have the knowledge that the carbonyl group is most active in forming the allotropes so we get the information that the structure of the buckminsterfullerene that it have the carbon which are attached to each other and forms the football structure or ${C_{60}}$ structure.
Buckminsterfullerene or ${C_{60}}$ are spherical carbon allotropes where the 60 atoms are assembled in the form of pentagons and hexagons in a geometry similar to soccer balls. Their cage structure and polyaeromaticity leads to the formation of displaced electron clouds which allows these molecules to act free and leds the charge transfer complexes. In their pristine state of ${C_{60}}$ the molecules of these compounds are highly hydrophobic and hence these are insoluble in water.
Instead, the ${C_{60}}$ can form nano-sized aggregates which we say that these are nano- ${C_{60}}$ . which when extensively in water when partially oxidized or given by progressive substitution of solvents with different polarity. Nano ${C_{60}}$ suspensions consist of crystalline aggregates in the sizes approximate 25-500 nm range. And also it is proved that it has antimicrobial activity.
Nano- ${C_{60}}$ water suspensions has also proved that this is also effective against E.coli and B.subtilis with smaller ${C_{60}}$ aggregates exhibiting highest antimicrobial activity. Although ${C_{60}}$ was reported to adhere to the bacterial membrane, the toxicity of it seems not to rely on physical membrane damage. But fullerene was reported that it causes oxidative stress, on both ROS dependent and ROS independent
So the correct answer is option C.

Note: ROS-independent oxidative stress was reported by Lyon at all. Who proved the oxidative power of nano- ${C_{60}}$ dispersion via electrochemical methods, but at the same time he did not find any evidence for the characteristics ROS mediated damage effect.