Question

Briefly explain the following:
i) Osmosis
ii) Allele
iii) Pulse
iv) Reflex action
v) Synapse

Answer 1

Water molecules migrate through the cell membrane from a low solute concentration area to a high solute concentration area when a cell is submerged in water. When a cell is submerged in saltwater, for example, water molecules leave the cell. Water molecules move inside a cell when it is submerged in freshwater. An allele is a variant form of a gene.

Complete answer:
i. The passage of a solvent down a concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane is referred to as osmosis. or The flow of solvent molecules from a low-concentration zone to a higher-concentration region over a semipermeable membrane. The external pressure that must be supplied such that there is no net flow of solvent across the membrane is known as osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is a colligative feature, meaning that it is determined by the solute's molar concentration rather than its identity.

ii. Alleles are the different variations of a gene.For example, R and r are the alleles for shape of seed. R is for Round and r is for wrinkled. A variable form of a gene is known as an allele. Some genes exist in several distinct versions, all of which are found at the same genetic locus on a chromosome. Humans are referred to as diploid organisms because they have two alleles at each genetic locus, one from each parent.

iii. The vibration felt in artery walls owing to the expansion of the aorta during ventricular contraction is referred to as pulse.

iv. A reflex action is an automatic, rapid, and natural response to specific stimuli mediated via the reflex action. A reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) and quick response to a stimulus that helps the body avoid harm from potentially harmful situations like touching something hot.

v. Two neurons are never physically attached to each other, and a synapse is a space between two neurons in close proximity that allows information to travel from one cell to the next.A synapse is a small gap at the end of a neuron that permits a signal to travel from one neuron to the next in the central nervous system. Synapses are the points at which nerve cells communicate with one another. Synapses play an important role in the brain's function, particularly when it comes to memory.

Note:-
In biological systems, the solvent is typically water, but osmosis can occur in other liquids, supercritical liquids, and even gases.
The function of synapses is to transmit nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or a neuron and a muscle cell. Synapses are the connections between neurons that allow messages to be transmitted from the nerves to the brain and vice versa.