Question

Benzoic acid reacts with $Ca(O{H_2})$ . The product obtained on the dry distillation gives:
A.Benzophenone
B.Acetophenone
C.Benzaldehyde
D.None of these

Answer 1

The separation technique or separation process which works on the principle of boiling points is known as distillation. The basic purpose of this separation technique is to vapourise the solid or liquid material and again condense it in pure form.

Complete step by step answer:
The process of separating components of a mixture based on different boiling points is known as distillation. It is an important separation technique in chemistry, mostly this technique is used for the liquid solutions or liquid chemicals.
The working of distillation process:
The mixture of two liquids with different boiling points is put into a beaker and heated. The liquid with low boiling point gets converted into vapour phase, this gas is condensed and collected in the other beaker, hence this process is repeated many times to ensure the purity of the liquids.
Examples of distillation uses:
Distilled water, alcohol purification, production of gasoline and kerosene etc.
The gases are also distilled. The gases like nitrogen, argon, oxygen are distilled from the air.
Dry distillation: When the solids are heated to be converted into gaseous form and condensed, this type of distillation is known as dry distillation.
As per given in the question, the reaction between benzoic acid and calcium hydroxide is:
$2{C_6}{H_5}COOH + Ca{(OH)_2} \to {({C_6}{H_5}CO{O^ - })_2}C{a^{2 + }} + 2{H_2}O$
In this reaction an ionic product of benzoic acetate and calcium is formed along with the formation of water.
Further the dry distillation of the products is as follows:
${({C_6}{H_5}CO{O^ - })_2}C{a^{2 + }} \to {C_6}{H_5} - CO - {C_6}{H_5} + CaO + C{O_2}$
Hence benzophenone, calcium oxide and carbon dioxide are produced on the dry distillation
So option (A) is correct.

Note: In chemistry distillation is an essential process, its usage is vast from the alcohol formation to oil production. The distillation of alcohol takes place in three parts; Fermentation, Distillation and Finishing. A few people understand the distillation as only an alcohol creation process but it is not true.