Question

Below are listed some pairs of characters. The homologous pair is
A. Forelimbs of dog and gulls
B. Insect wing and bat wing
C. Feathers of birds and fins of fish
D. Lens of vertebrate and arthropod

Answer 1

Hint:- Homologous organs are similar organs that arise from common ancestors. Homology is important in biology to determine if two species or animals share a common ancestor. For e.g. the arm of a human, the wing of a bird. Leg of a dog and flopper of a dolphin.

Complete step-by-step solution:-
Homologous organs have similar anatomical features. Homology is the most common term used in biology which means similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures in different taxa. The term was first used by anatomist Richard Owen in 1843. Later Charles Darwin explained it in his theory of evolution. In developmental biology organs that are developed by the same manner and from the same origin are known as homologous. Reproductive organs in male and females are homologous if developed from the same embryonic tissue as do the ovaries and testicles of mammals including humans. Common examples of homologous organs are forelimbs of a frog, arm of a human, tailbone in humans is also one of good examples of homologous organs, the pelvis of a dog, etc. Non identical chromosome In DNA which can pair with each other and are believed to share common ancestry is an example of homologous organs.
Forelimbs of dogs and gulls are homologous organs because they both arise from mammals and hence share a common ancestor. Insect wings and bat wings are examples of analogous organs.
So the correct answer is A.

Note:- Homology remains controversial in animal behaviour but there is suggestive evidence like dominance hierarchies are homologous across the primates. These organs are a result of descent with modification from a common ancestor. Homology can be seen in plants as well as animals.