Question

Assertion:
In Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment, only one among the $20000$ alpha particles are diverted.
Reason:
Most of the space in the atom is vacant.
A) Bothe assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
B) Bothe assertion and reason are correct and reason is not the correct explanation for assertion.
C) Assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.
D) Assertion is incorrect but reason is correct.

Answer 1

First, we discuss the Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment:
Rutherford passed beams of alpha particles through a thin foil to watch the atom and noted the way in which alpha particles scattered from the foil.

Complete step by step answer:
Let us discuss the observation and conclusion of his experiment,
Observations of Rutherford's alpha radiation scattering experiment:
Most of the $\alpha$ -particles passed straight through the foil with no deviation.
Number of the $\alpha$-particles was deflected by the foil by some angles.
Interestingly one out of each $12,000$ alpha particles seemed to rebound
Conclusion of Rutherford's scattering experiment:
Most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the $\alpha$-particles are skilled the foil without getting deflected.
Only a few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the charge of the atom occupies little or no space.
A really small fraction of $\alpha$-particles were deflected by very large angles, indicating that each one the charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated during a very small volume within the atom.
Most of the space within the atom is empty and just one in $20,000$ of alpha particles are deflected in Rutherford's experiment. Very small numbers of alpha particles are deflected by the charged nucleus because the size of the nucleus is extremely small.

So, the correct answer is Option B.

Note:
Now we can discuss about the limitations of Rutherford experiment as,
Rutherford's model wasn't in accordance with Maxwell’s theory and will not explain the steadiness of an atom.
Rutherford's model doesn't say anything about the arrangement of electrons in an atom which made his theory incomplete.
Although the first atomic models were inaccurate and did not explain certain experimental results, they were the bottom for future developments within the world of quantum physics.