Question

ASSERTION: Heterolytic fission occurs readily in polar covalent bonds.
REASON: Heterolytic fission involves breaking of bonds in such a way that a shared pair of electrons go with one atom.
(A) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(B) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(D) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Answer 1

Use the concept of heterolytic fission and electronegativity.
Check that in a bond which has more electronegativity.
Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency of an atom to draw in shared electrons (or electron density) to itself. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its number and therefore the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus.

Complete answer:
Firstly let us talk about what is heterolytic fission; heterolytic fission is a type of fission in which when a covalent bond breaks one atom gets all the shared pairs of electrons. And it is due to fact that in the bonded atom one of the atom is more electronegative than the other so it will attract the shared of electron to itself so the bond will become polar and hence we say that the bond is polar covalent bond let us look at an example :
$H - Cl \to {H^ + } + C{l^ - }$
Here there is bond fission between H and Cl, the Cl is more electronegative than hydrogen so it will take the shared pair of electrons to itself.
Now let us talk about the assertion which is heterolytic fission occurs rapidly in polar covalent bonds. This statement is true as if the bond is polar which means that there is a difference between the electronegativity of bonded atoms and hence they will try to readily break the bond. Hence, the Assertion is correct.
Now let us talk about the reason which is Heterolytic fission involves the breaking of bonds in such a way that a shared pair of electrons go with one atom. This reason is also true as explained above.
But it is not the correct explanation of the Assertion as the heterolytic fission occurs readily due to the difference in electronegativity.
So our answer is option B which is Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.

Note:
It can be noted that the positively charged product of the Heterolytic fission of a neutral molecule, usually called the cation, is the chemical species that did not retain any of the bonded electrons post the bond fission. On the other hand, the negatively charged product of the heterolysis (also known as the anion) is the chemical species that retains both the bonded electrons after the bond fission process.