Question

Assertion: Fluorine is the most electronegative element of the periodic table.
Reason: Electronegativity is one measure of an element’s ability to form chemical bonds by attracting an electron.
A.Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
B.Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
C.The assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.
D.Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Answer 1

To solve this question we have to focus on both Assertion and Reason. First, we will clear whether this assertion given in the question is correct or incorrect. After that, we will check the reason and clear that the given reason is correct or incorrect. If both assertions and reason will be correct we will check that is the reason given in the question explains the assertion or not. Based on this correctness or incorrectness we will select the correct option.

Complete answer:
We will check the correctness or incorrectness of Assertion and reason one by one. We can easily understand that both assertion and reason are related to electronegativity. So we will understand electronegativity first.
Electronegativity is defined as the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract bonded pairs of electrons. Simply we can understand that an element can attract a shared pair of electrons.
Let’s consider the Assertion: Fluorine is the most electronegative element of the periodic table. This assertion is correct: fluorine is the most electronegative element due to its strong ability to attract a shared pair of electrons.
Let's understand it properly. The electronic configuration for fluorine means it has $5$ electrons in its shell and $2{p^{}}$ orbital contains $6$ electrons. Fluorine is very close to the ideal electronic configuration.

It shows the strong ability of fluorine to attract electrons and achieve an ideal electronic configuration. Hence, the assertion is correct.
Let’s consider the Reason: Electronegativity is one measure of an element’s ability to form chemical bonds by attracting an electron.
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract the shared pair of electrons of a covalent bond to itself and the shared electrons will be equally shared.
Hence, the reason is also correct.
We can relate both the assertion and reason are correct and the reason can explain the assertion.

Therefore, the correct option is (A).

Note:
We can also understand the assertion in another way. We know that due to the inert pair effect electronegativity decreases down the group of the periodic table. For example electronegativity of the halogen, the group is as follows: $F > Cl > Br > I$.
The electronegativity of fluorine is measured $3.98$.