Question

Arrangement of sepals and petals with respect to others is
(a)Venation
(b)Aestivation
(c)Cohesion
(d)Adhesion

Answer 1

The manner in which the parts of flowers are folded up before the flower expands. It is divided into five main types depending on the position of parts of a flower within a flower bud before it has opened.

Complete answer:
Aestivation is the arrangement of sepals and petals concerning others. Aestivation is divided into five main types:-
Valvate Aestivation- when sepals or petals just touch the margin of one another and are arranged in a whorl, example: as in Calotropis.
Twisted Aestivation- one margin of appendages overlaps that of the next one, for example: as in China rose.
Imbricate Aestivation- margin of flower overlaps one another but not in a particular manner, for example: as in Gulmohar.
Vexillary Aestivation- also known as papilionaceous aestivation, five petals differentiated into large standard petals (vexillum) which overlaps two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the smallest anterior petals (keel) and is the feature of the Papilionoceae family.
Quincuncial Aestivation- two petals are entirely inside, two petals are entirely out of the whorl, and one left is half outer and half is inner side present, for example: as in Ranunculus.

Additional Information:
Venation: The arrangement of the pattern of veins in a leaf or an insect's wing. It is usually of three types:
-Reticulate venation- veins form irregularly distributed to form a channel of network-like structure. For example, leaves of dicot plants - tulsi, coriander, etc.
- Parallel venation is a type of venation seen mostly in the monocot plants, where the veins of the leaves run parallel to each other from the base to the tip of the leaf lamina.
-Furcate venation- veins form dichotomous branching. Example: leaves of a fern.
So, the correct answer is option ‘Aestivation’.

Note:
-Adhesion is referred to as the tendency of dissimilar molecules or surfaces to cling to one another. For example, adhesion keeps the water drops on the surfaces of leaves and flowers in place.
-Cohesion refers to the attraction of similar molecules or surfaces. Water striders can walk on water due to the surface tension produced by cohesion making it possible for light objects to float on water without sinking. Cohesion causes water to form drops.