Question

Apical meristem are divided into primary meristem as
A) Protoderm and Procambium
B) Protoderm, Procambium and Ground meristem
C) Ground meristem and Procambium
D) None of the above

Answer 1

Meristematic tissues are made up of living cells of various shapes. They have a large nucleus that is devoid of the vacuole. There is no intercellular space between the cells. Meristem is the zone in which these cells exist.

Complete answer:
The apical meristem is the plant growth region found within the root tips as well as the tips of new shoots and leaves. The apical meristem is one of three types of meristems or tissues that can differentiate into various cell types.

In plants, the meristem is the tissue in which growth occurs. Apical growth refers to growth that occurs at the plant's tips, both top, and bottom. Intercalary meristems are found between branches, whereas lateral meristems are found in the girth of woody plants.

The apical meristem is critical in extending access to nutrients and water via the roots as well as access to light energy via the leaves. Plants must grow in both directions to be successful. Some plants exhibit apical dominance, which means that only one main shoot apical meristem is prominent.

There is a single main trunk that reaches great heights in plants like this. If the apical meristem is removed, the branches below will begin to take on the role of the primary apical meristem, resulting in a bushier plant. This phenomenon is used by horticulturists to increase the business and yield of certain crops and ornamental plants. Apical meristems can divide into three types of primary meristems:

Protoderm: The outermost layer of the stem that develops into the epidermis.
Procambium: A protoderm cell that develops into primary xylem and primary phloem.
Ground meristem: This is made up of cells from the parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

Thus, the answer is option ‘A’ i.e, Protoderm and Procambium.

Note: The apical meristem, which is found just beneath the surface of the branches and roots furthest from the plant's center, is constantly dividing. Some cells divide to form more meristematic cells, while others divide to form structural or vascular cells. This apical meristem is in charge of creating cells and growing to propel the plant into the light and air, where it can photosynthesize and exchange built-up gases.