Question

Anticodon is associated with
(A)mRNA
(B)DNA
(C)tRNA
(D)rRNA

Answer 1

Every organism has genetic material which helps in the passing of traits from parents to offspring. It may be in the DNA or RNA form. DNA is considered as the hereditary material present in the nucleus of eukaryotes (Plants and Animals) and the cytoplasm of the prokaryotes like bacteria. RNA is the genetic material in case of viruses.

Complete answer:
DNA is a double helical structure carrying genetic information for normal functioning and development of the body. DNA is converted to RNA by a process called Transcription in which information from one strand of DNA is copied into mRNA (messenger RNA) that participates in protein synthesis.

There are three main types of RNA:
- Messenger RNA (mRNA): It constitutes around 5 percent of total RNA. It contains complementary genetic code in the form of triplets that is copied from DNA during transcription. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid.
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): It accounts for 80 percent of total RNA. These combine with protein and enzymes to form ribosomes which is the cellular factory for protein synthesis.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA): It is the smallest among the other types of RNA. It is an important component of translation which helps in the transfer of amino acids during protein synthesis. tRNA has cloverleaf structure having four major and one minor arm. It has an acceptor arm whose free end can be linked to an amino acid, Pseudouridine arm which is a modified base, an anticodon arm which contains an anticodon sequence complementary to genetic codes, ‘D’ arm has a dihydrouridine base.

So, the correct answer is Option (C) tRNA.

Note: There are several other RNA that participates in post-transcriptional modification, DNA Replication, and Gene Regulation. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) processes pre-mRNA into mature mRNA. Regulatory RNA involves microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and antisense RNA (aRNA) which helps in the regulation of gene expression.