Question

Anti venom injection contains preformed antibodies while polio drops that are administered into body contain
A. Attenuated pathogen
B. Activated pathogen
C. Harvested antibodies
D. Gamma globulin

Answer 1

Hint: Polio is caused by a virus that may cause paralysis. While snake bite is an emergency condition in which antibodies are injected.

Complete answer
In this question, it is given that anti venom injection contains preformed antibodies and we have asked about polio vaccine. Polio vaccine is of two type inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is given by injection and oral polio drops. The name itself suggests what it contains. Inactivated is for polio virus.
The polio drops contain inactivated or attenuated virus. A small dose of virus replicates in the body and produces enough virus that our immune system activates against that virus to kill it. As the inserted virus is attenuated, it will not cause any disease in that person. When our immune system activates, it makes antibodies against that bacteria or virus and kills them.
Now, antibodies against that particular organism are already present in the body. When that organism will actually attack, antibodies which are already present in the body will kill that organism and disease will not occur.

Option A is attenuated pathogen which is absolutely correct.As we already mentioned that polio vaccines contain inactivated or attenuated polio virus.

Option B is activated pathogen. As we can see, this option is wrong because we never insert activated pathogens in a human body for vaccination because it will cause disease in the body.

Option C is Harvested antibody. Harvested antibodies obtained by injecting a lab animal such as a rabbit or a goat with a specific antigen. Within a few weeks, the animal's immune system will produce a high level of response specific for the antigen. In polio there is no need for harvested antibodies because this is passive immunity and active immunity is better than passive immunity. So, we prefer active immunization.

Option D is Gamma globulin. Gamma globulin are immunoglobulin or we can say they are antibodies. As we already mentioned, polio vaccines contain attenuated viruses not antibodies. So, this option is also wrong.

The correct option is A. Attenuated pathogen.

Note: Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). In which attenuated or inactivated virus is inserted into the body either by injection or orally.