Question

Antheridia and archegonia is absent in
A. Bryophyta
B. Pteridophyte
C. Gymnosperms
D. Angiosperms

Answer 1

The archegonia act as the site of fusion of male and female gametes (i.e.- fertilization) in lower plants. The antheridium acts as the organ of producing and releasing male gametes.

Complete answer:
Male sex organs are called Antheridia. Antheridia have a club-shaped body and a stalk and produce sperms or male gametes.
The female sex organs are called as archegonia. The archegonia are flask shaped female sex organs with a well-defined venter and neck. The center encloses a ventral canal cell (VCC) and an egg cell while the neck encloses a variable number of neck canal cells (NCC).
Bryophyte is the collective name for mosses, liverworts and hornworts that are found commonly growing in moist shaded areas in the hills. Bryophytes are also known as the Amphibians of the plant kingdom as the plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. Bryophytes sex organs are multicellular and jacketed. Male sex organs, antheridia and female sex organs archegonia is present in bryophytes.
In pteridophytes, the sex organs are multicellular and jacketed. These organs are developed gametophytes. The antheridia are male sex organs that are sessile and reduced. They produce motile, multi flagellated sperms. The archegonia are female sex organs that are enabled in gametophyte. It comprises neck and venter. In the neck four rows of neck cells are present in venter, one venter canal cell and an egg cell are present.
In gymnosperms, antheridia are reduced. The male gametophyte consists of archegonia which do not possess neck canal cells.
In angiosperms, archegonia and antheridia are absent.

So, the correct answer is option D, angiosperms.

Note: The archegonia are absent in some higher gymnosperms like Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia etc.
The neck canal cells break down and are used to attract the male gamete for the purpose of fertilization.