Question

Answer the following questions:

1. What are soaps? How are soaps prepared?
2. Define antiseptic.

Answer 1

Hint : To answer this question, we first need to understand what are compounds. A chemical compound is a substance made up of numerous identical molecules bound together by chemical bonds and made up of atoms from different elements. As a result, a molecule made up of only one element's atoms is not a compound.

Complete Step By Step Answer:

1. Soaps - Soap is a fatty acid salt that is used in a wide range of washing and lubricating goods. Soaps are surfactants that are commonly used in the home for washing, bathing, and other sorts of housekeeping. Soaps are utilized as thickeners, components of certain lubricants, and catalyst precursors in industrial settings.
   When soap is used for cleaning, it dissolves particulates and filth, allowing them to be separated from the item being cleaned. Soap kills germs in hand washing by disorganizing their membrane lipid bilayer and denaturing their proteins as a surfactant when lathered with a little water. It also emulsifies oils, making them easier to wash away with running water.
   Preparation of soap – Saponification of oils and fats is the most frequent method for creating soap.
   This method entails heating oils and fats and then reacting them with a liquid alkali to make soap, water, and glycerin.
   The neutralization of fatty acids with an alkali is the other soap-making process. Glycerin and crude fatty acids are produced by hydrolyzing oils and fats with high-pressure steam.
   Following that, the fatty acids are refined using the distillation technique and neutralized with an alkali to generate water and soap.
   Alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide, form hard sodium soap. Soaps made of potassium are gentle. Shaving creams and some liquid hand soaps contain them.
2. Antiseptic - Antiseptics are antimicrobial compounds that are administered to living tissue or skin to prevent infection, sepsis, and putrefaction. Antiseptics are defined from antibiotics by their ability to safely eradicate germs within the body, while disinfectants are distinguished by their ability to destroy microorganisms found on non-living surfaces.
   Antibacterial are antiseptics that have been shown to be effective against bacteria. Virucides or antivirals are microbicides that kill virus particles. Antifungals, commonly referred to as antimycotics, are fungicides that are used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).

Note :
Witch hazel, thyme, calendula, tea tree oil, eucalyptus, lavender, and grapefruit seed extract are some natural antiseptics. Natural antibacterial characteristics of the botanical extracts can be utilized to cure or prevent infected blemishes, pimples, and acne.