Question

Androecium is the whorl of
(a) Anthers
(b) Stamens
(c) Filaments
(d) Tepals

Answer 1

Androecium is the whorl of the male reproductive organs of the flowering plants. It includes all the male organs collectively, not only a single organ can make a whorl.

Correct step by step answer:
The androecium is the whorl of stamens. The androecium is composed of stamens. Each Stamen consist of three parts,
a. Filament: These are the long thin stalk of a stamen.
b. Anther: These are present at the top of the statement that produces pollen. They are the upper swollen part with microsporangia. Each anther contains two compartments called thecae, each theca consists of two microsporangia fuse to form one locule.
c. Connective tissue: These tissues connect anther lobes with the filament.

Additional Information:
- A whorl is an arrangement of leaves, sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels that radiate from a single point and surround or wrap around the stem or stalk.
- Flowers include both reproductive and non-reproductive structures arranged in four whorls-
calyx: The outermost whorl made up of green leaf-like sepals.
Corolla: the whorl made up of brightly- colored petals.
Androecium: The third world that contains male reproductive structures called stamens.
Gynoecium: This is the innermost whorl made up of female reproductive structures called carpels.
- Anthers are of two types

1. Monothecal: Monothecal anthers have one lobe with two microsporangia.
2. Dithecal: Dithecal anthers have two lobes with four microsporangia.
   - According to the attachment of the anther with the filament, anthers are of four types:
3. Basifixed: In this type, the base of the anther is attached to the tip of the filament.
4. Dorsifixed: In this type apex of filament is attached to the dorsal side of the anther.
5. Versatile: In this type, the filament is attached to the anther at the midpoint.
6. Adnate: In this type, the filament is continued from the base to the apex of another.
   - Tepals are the units of the whorl which is called the perianth
   So, the correct answer is '(b) Stamens'.

Note:
- Monothecal anthers are kidney- shaped in a cross- section found in the family Malvaceae whereas dithecous anthers are butterfly- shaped in cross- section found in the family Solanaceae.
- Basifixed anthers are found in Brassica, Datura.
- Dorsifixed anthers are found in Citrus, Hibiscus.
- Versatile anthers are found in Grasses.
- Adnate anthers are found in Verbena, Ranunculus, Nelumbo.